Payloads are pieces of code that are delivered to a target machine to execute a desired action. Payloads can be delivered in many forms, such as a binary executable, a script, or even a malicious document file. The goal of a payload is to carry out an attack, such as stealing data or taking control of a machine.
There are two types of payloads: staged and non-staged.
Staged Payloads:
Staged payloads are delivered in multiple parts, with each part performing a different action. This is often done to evade detection by security software, as each part of the payload can be encrypted or obfuscated. The first stage of the payload is typically small and is responsible for setting up the environment for the subsequent stages. The later stages carry out the actual attack.
Example:
A common example of a staged payload is the Meterpreter payload used in the Metasploit Framework. The Meterpreter payload consists of multiple stages, each responsible for setting up the environment and carrying out different actions. The first stage establishes a connection between the attacker and the target machine, while the later stages provide the attacker with complete control over the machine.
Non-staged Payloads:
Non-staged payloads, on the other hand, are delivered in a single part and execute immediately upon delivery. Non-staged payloads are typically smaller in size than staged payloads and are simpler in design. Non-staged payloads are often used when the attacker doesn't need the flexibility that staged payloads offer.
Example:
A common example of a non-staged payload is a simple command-line script that executes a specific action on the target machine. For instance, a script that deletes specific files from the target machine when executed is a non-staged payload.
In summary, payloads are a crucial part of many cyber attacks. Staged payloads offer more flexibility and are more complex than non-staged payloads, but can also be more difficult to detect. Non-staged payloads are simpler and execute immediately upon delivery, making them a good choice for simple attacks.