ifconfig: Displays network interface configuration details, such as IP address, MAC address, netmask, and broadcast address.
ping: Tests connectivity to a network device or server by sending ICMP packets and receiving a response.
traceroute: Traces the path that network packets take from the local host to a remote destination, showing each hop along the way.
nslookup: Queries DNS servers to resolve hostnames to IP addresses, and vice versa.
netstat: Shows active network connections, open ports, and listening services on a system.
nmap: Scans network devices and ports to identify open ports, services, and vulnerabilities.
arp: Displays and modifies the ARP cache, which maps IP addresses to MAC addresses on a network.
route: Shows and modifies the routing table, which defines how network traffic is routed between devices on a network.
ip: A powerful command for configuring and managing network interfaces, addresses, routes, and more.
tcpdump: Captures and analyzes network traffic in real-time, allowing you to view and filter packets based on various criteria.