SMB stands for Server Message Block, which is a protocol used for sharing resources, such as files, printers, and serial ports, between computers on a network. It was developed by Microsoft and is also known as the Common Internet File System (CIFS).
As a pentester, SMB enumeration involves discovering SMB-enabled hosts, shares, users, and groups on a network. This information is useful in identifying potential vulnerabilities and attack vectors.
To begin SMB enumeration, you should start with the following steps:
Network scanning: Use a network scanner such as Nmap to identify SMB-enabled hosts on the network. Use the following command to scan for hosts with open SMB ports:
nmap -p 139,445 -oG smb_hosts.txt <network range>
This will scan for hosts with open ports 139 and 445, which are used by SMB.
Enumeration: Once you have identified SMB-enabled hosts, you can use tools such as Enum4linux, SMBMap, and Metasploit to enumerate SMB shares, users, and groups.
Enum4linux: Enum4linux is a tool that can be used to enumerate SMB shares, users, and groups on a target system. Use the following command to run Enum4linux:
enum4linux -a <target IP>
This will enumerate all SMB shares, users, and groups on the target system.
SMBMap: SMBMap is another tool that can be used to enumerate SMB shares on a target system. Use the following command to run SMBMap:
smbmap -H <target IP>
This will enumerate all SMB shares on the target system.
Metasploit: Metasploit is a penetration testing framework that can be used to automate the enumeration of SMB shares, users, and groups. Use the following command to run Metasploit:
use auxiliary/scanner/smb/smb_enumshares
set RHOSTS <target IP>
run
This will enumerate all SMB shares on the target system.
Exploitation: Once you have identified SMB shares, users, and groups, you can use this information to attempt to exploit vulnerabilities on the target system. For example, if you have identified a user with weak credentials, you can attempt to crack their password using a tool such as John the Ripper.
It is important to note that SMB enumeration and exploitation should only be performed on systems that you have permission to test. Unauthorized access to computer systems is illegal and can result in severe consequences.